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Building technology in passive and surplus-energy houses

In planning residential buildings one must remember that providing hot water often requires more energy than space heating does. Many heating systems allow for heat to be generated mainly from renewable sources of energy.

Electricity should also be used in the most efficient way in a passive house. If the building generates electricity renewably, e.g. with photovoltaic panels, it can produce more energy than it consumes overall – and thus become a surplus-energy building.